Alcohol and other drugs and HIV
- Jun 15
- 5 min read
Updated: Jul 28
Alcohol and other drugs have been part of human culture for thousands of years. They are not going away, and we need to talk about them honestly and without judgement. For people living with HIV, the goal is not necessarily abstinence, it is safety, wellbeing, and informed choice. Knowing how to reduce harm can make a real difference to your health, your treatment, and your quality of life.
HIV and AOD in numbers
What ways does AOD use interact with HIV?
For people living with HIV (PLHIV), the relationship between alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and HIV is complex, deeply personal, and often misunderstood. Substance use does not exist in isolation. It intersects with mental health, stigma, relationships, cultural identity, and access to care in ways that can significantly impact wellbeing and treatment outcomes. This resource explores those intersections honestly and without judgement, from ART interactions and double stigma, to disclosure, cultural identity, and mental health. It is written through a peer lens, because we believe that understanding these realities is the first step toward better support.
You are not alone in navigating this. The complexity is real and should never be underestimated.
Interactions with ART
Some substances can impact liver function, interfere with drug absorption, or increase side effects of HIV medications. Using while forgetting or delaying ART doses may also impact treatment effectiveness, especially if patterns continue.
Double Stigma
People who use drugs often face judgement. Add HIV, and that stigma is multiplied, in healthcare settings, dating, workplaces, and even within LGBTQ+ communities. People living with HIV have shared experiences of feeling like they need to 'hide' both identities, which can create further shame and isolation.
Conversations with Health Professionals
Disclosure is difficult when fear of judgement or poor treatment exists. You may feel unsure whether it is safe to tell a doctor about your substance use, especially if you have had a poor experience in the past.
A QPP Peer Navigator may be able to help you navigate these conversations with your health practitioner, exploring what options may work best for you. You are the expert in your own life, and a Peer Navigator can help you understand your options, prepare for difficult conversations, and advocate for the kind of care you want and deserve. You can connect with a QPP Peer Navigator here.
It can also help to look for an S100 prescriber. These are doctors who have been specifically authorised to prescribe HIV medications in the community setting, meaning they tend to have a deeper understanding of HIV care and are more likely to provide informed, non-judgmental support around the full picture of your health, including AOD use. You can find an S100 prescriber near you. Please note that there may be less access to S100 prescribers in regional areas.
If you have limited options and need to stay with a particular doctor or clinic, a QPP Peer Navigator can still support you to navigate those conversations, helping you to understand your rights, explore what is possible within your current situation, and feel more confident and prepared when accessing care.
Mental Health
Substance use can be tied to trauma, anxiety, or depression. For people living with HIV, these experiences may be layered with diagnosis stress, internalised stigma, or lack of access to affirming care. Data from Futures10 found that 35% of people living with HIV reported high or very high psychological distress, with distress strongly associated with recent AOD use — a reminder that these experiences are far more common than they may feel in the moment.
If you are struggling with your mental health, you do not have to wait until things feel unmanageable to reach out. Medicare Mental Health Centres offer free, walk-in mental health support — and importantly, you do not need a Medicare card to access them. You can find your nearest centre here.
Recognising Pressure and Control when AOD are involved
Sometimes, people living with HIV may feel pressured to use alcohol or other drugs to feel accepted, maintain a relationship, participate in social or sexual situations, or engage in activities they are not fully comfortable with. This can occur in many contexts, including intimate relationships, social settings and chemsex.
AOD use can affect communication, decision-making and power dynamics, particularly when people have used different substances or have different levels of intoxication. This may make it harder to communicate or maintain boundaries, freely give consent, or say no. Pressure may also relate to sex, condom use, HIV disclosure or other personal decisions.
If your boundaries have been crossed or you have experienced pressure, coercion or control, it is not your fault—and support is available.
Unwanted Disclosure
Community members often mention disclosing their HIV status while under the influence, sometimes accidentally, or in ways they later regretted. Planning disclosure ahead of time, or having scripts/supports ready, can help protect wellbeing.
Intersecting Identities and Access to Support
For many people living with HIV, other parts of life such as culture, migration, gender, sexuality, mental health, or financial pressure can deeply shape their relationship with alcohol and other drugs. Managing HIV while also navigating a new language, legal system, cultural norms, or other personal challenges can feel overwhelming. When HIV status and substance use intersect with these other experiences, social pressure, community expectations, and fear of judgement can all compound that burden, sometimes making it feel inescapable. For some, there may also be additional stigma from within their own community if substance use falls outside usual cultural or personal expectations.
Impact on Treatment and Health
For some people living with HIV, AOD use can directly affect how consistently they are able to manage their HIV treatment. Data from Futures10 highlights a link between illicit drug use and high alcohol use with challenges in ART adherence and increased hospitalisations. Some people have also shared that when using substances such as methamphetamine or GHB, they sometimes skip HIV medication — and even occasional missed doses can reduce how effectively ART works overtime.
Life is complex
Some may use substances to cope with loneliness, homesickness, or the trauma of forced migration or displacement. Others might engage in AOD use to feel connected in social or sexual spaces, especially where community or belonging is hard to find. Fear of visa implications, medical mistrust, or lack of Medicare access can also limit how openly someone can talk about their substance use with health professionals, adding another layer of risk. These complex realities deserve care and validation, not judgment.
You deserve support that fits your whole life
Whatever your situation looks like — whether you are navigating AOD use, managing your HIV treatment, dealing with mental health pressures, or facing the added complexities of migration and cultural identity — you do not have to figure it out alone. The experiences described in this resource are real, and so are the challenges that come with them. Support that understands the full picture of your life is available, and you have every right to access it.
You can also explore harm reduction strategies to help you make informed decisions that protect your health and wellbeing. If you are not sure where to start, Queensland Positive People (QPP) is here to help you find the right fit. Self-refer here and we will work with you from there.
